Nondestructive Testing Structural Engineering

Nondestructive testing or Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.[1] The terms Nondestructive examination (NDE), Nondestructive inspection (NDI), and Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) are also commonly used to describe this technology.[2] Because NDT does not permanently alter the article being inspected, it is a highly valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research. Common NDT methods include ultrasonic, magnetic-particle, liquid penetrant, radiographic, remote visual inspection (RVI), eddy-current testing,[1] and low coherence interferometry.[3][4] NDT is commonly used in forensic engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, systems engineering, aeronautical engineering, medicine, and art.[1] Contents 1 Methods 2 Applications 2.1 Weld verification 2.2 Structural mechanics 2.3 Radiography in medicine 3 Notable events in early industrial NDT 4 Methods and techniques 5 Personnel training, qualification and certification 5.1 Definitions 5.2 Training 5.3 Certification schemes 5.4 Levels of certification 6 Terminology 7 Reliability and statistics 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Bibliography